Staging of ESR and Contributing Factors to Consider

Staging of ESR and Contributing Factors to Consider

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End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 15 ml/min or less (Johns, Yee, Smith-Jules, Campbell & Bauer, 2015). The GER is used in determining the stage of kidney disease. Patients with ESRD require a kidney transplant or dialysis to survive (Johns et al., 2015). In addition, this is the advanced stage of kidney disease, where the kidney has almost no ability to function properly. During this stage, the kidney cannot eliminate waste and fluids from the body; toxins accumulate in the blood, leading to high blood pressure. Once an individual is diagnosed with ESRD, the nephrologist decides the suitable treatment, including peritoneal dialysis, kidney transplant, or hemodialysis. Additionally, the nephrologist develops a care plan and is responsible for managing the care team. The contributing factors for ESRD include male gender, high blood pressure, obesity, kidney stones, proton pump medications, or diabetes (Yu, Sun, Lin, Wang, Chang, Chou & Kao, 2015). Persons with one of these factors are at risk of ESRD.

Staging of ESR and Contributing Factors to Consider